Keith Stein
2018-10-29 16:25:11 UTC
Summary:
1. The speed of light in intergalactic-space is slowing down.
2. There was no "Big Bang"
3. There was no "Inflation"
4. The galaxies are not accelerating away from us.
5. There is no "Dark Energy"
Searching for an alternative explanation of the Hubble Red Shifts, it
occurred to me that if the speed of light is slowing down, then this
will necessarily lead to increasing red-shift with increasing distance,
as observed by Hubble et. al., without any expansion at all.
Merely by assuming dc = -K c dt ..................(1)
I was led to c = c(0) e^-Kt ...............(2)
and on to Red-Shift = e^-Kt - 1 .........(3)
K ~= 10^-10 /year
t = time in years
Only after starting the PHYSICS PRIZE thread, in which i was trying to
enlist the help of sci.physics.relativity readers to obtain a more
accurate value of K, did the obvious solution occur to me...........
K = H = Hubble's Constant
and t = -t ( so times past become +ve)
which substituted in (3) gives:
Red-Shift = e^Ht - 1 .........(4)
then for times which are small compared to 1/H (i.e. small compared
to the 'age of the universe'), we may use the approximation:
e^x ~= 1 + x .................(5)
So for t << 1/H we have:
Red-Shift = H * t ............(6)
which is of course the normal "Hubble's Law", valid only
for modest times into the past ( t < ~5 billion years).
As our telescopes manage to see further out into space, and therefore
further back in time, we will find that the normal linear Hubble's Law
expressed in equation(6), will have to be replaced by the more accurate
exponential form expressed in equation(4). This is indeed what is found
in observatories all around the world eh!
Conclusions:
1. The speed of light in intergalactic-space is slowing down.
2. There was no "Big Bang"
3. There was no "Inflation"
4. The galaxies are not accelerating away from us.
5. There is no "Dark Energy"
********************************************************************
**********************************************************************
A GOOD QUESTION
When light slows down by entering a more dense medium such as glass, or
water, the frequency stays the same and the WAVELENGTH REDUCES.
So how is it that when light slows down traveling across intergalactic
space,the the WAVELENGTH INCREASES ?
good question!
when light slows down entering a more dense medium, the front of the
wave train hits the more dense medium first. The front therefore slows
before the rear of the wave train, resulting in the rear of the wave
catching up to some extent with the front. Thus the wave train
compresses and the WAVELENGTH REDUCES.
When light slows down in intergalactic space, on the other hand, there
is no difference in the conditions at the front or back of the wave
train. At any one time the front and back are indeed traveling at the
same speed, and therefore the length of the wave train stays constant as
it travels through intergalactic space.
So "How is it that the wavelength of light from distant galaxies is
INCREASED ? " you might ask, and i would reply that it is NOT that light
is stretched as it travels through intergalactic space, but rather that
it was emitted with an increased wavelength, when the velocity of light
was higher than it is now.
The frequency generated by any given atomic transition, even on distant
galaxies many billions of years ago, is exactly the same as that on
Earth today. The wavelength is proportional the the velocity of light AT
THE TIME IT WAS EMITTED, and This increased wavelength is faithfully
transmitted through space, where it is measured in our observatories.
keith stein
1. The speed of light in intergalactic-space is slowing down.
2. There was no "Big Bang"
3. There was no "Inflation"
4. The galaxies are not accelerating away from us.
5. There is no "Dark Energy"
Searching for an alternative explanation of the Hubble Red Shifts, it
occurred to me that if the speed of light is slowing down, then this
will necessarily lead to increasing red-shift with increasing distance,
as observed by Hubble et. al., without any expansion at all.
Merely by assuming dc = -K c dt ..................(1)
I was led to c = c(0) e^-Kt ...............(2)
and on to Red-Shift = e^-Kt - 1 .........(3)
K ~= 10^-10 /year
t = time in years
Only after starting the PHYSICS PRIZE thread, in which i was trying to
enlist the help of sci.physics.relativity readers to obtain a more
accurate value of K, did the obvious solution occur to me...........
K = H = Hubble's Constant
and t = -t ( so times past become +ve)
which substituted in (3) gives:
Red-Shift = e^Ht - 1 .........(4)
then for times which are small compared to 1/H (i.e. small compared
to the 'age of the universe'), we may use the approximation:
e^x ~= 1 + x .................(5)
So for t << 1/H we have:
Red-Shift = H * t ............(6)
which is of course the normal "Hubble's Law", valid only
for modest times into the past ( t < ~5 billion years).
As our telescopes manage to see further out into space, and therefore
further back in time, we will find that the normal linear Hubble's Law
expressed in equation(6), will have to be replaced by the more accurate
exponential form expressed in equation(4). This is indeed what is found
in observatories all around the world eh!
Conclusions:
1. The speed of light in intergalactic-space is slowing down.
2. There was no "Big Bang"
3. There was no "Inflation"
4. The galaxies are not accelerating away from us.
5. There is no "Dark Energy"
********************************************************************
**********************************************************************
A GOOD QUESTION
When light slows down by entering a more dense medium such as glass, or
water, the frequency stays the same and the WAVELENGTH REDUCES.
So how is it that when light slows down traveling across intergalactic
space,the the WAVELENGTH INCREASES ?
good question!
when light slows down entering a more dense medium, the front of the
wave train hits the more dense medium first. The front therefore slows
before the rear of the wave train, resulting in the rear of the wave
catching up to some extent with the front. Thus the wave train
compresses and the WAVELENGTH REDUCES.
When light slows down in intergalactic space, on the other hand, there
is no difference in the conditions at the front or back of the wave
train. At any one time the front and back are indeed traveling at the
same speed, and therefore the length of the wave train stays constant as
it travels through intergalactic space.
So "How is it that the wavelength of light from distant galaxies is
INCREASED ? " you might ask, and i would reply that it is NOT that light
is stretched as it travels through intergalactic space, but rather that
it was emitted with an increased wavelength, when the velocity of light
was higher than it is now.
The frequency generated by any given atomic transition, even on distant
galaxies many billions of years ago, is exactly the same as that on
Earth today. The wavelength is proportional the the velocity of light AT
THE TIME IT WAS EMITTED, and This increased wavelength is faithfully
transmitted through space, where it is measured in our observatories.
keith stein