Discussion:
Booting Android from GRUB2 bootloader and Thinkpad Infos
RetroAndMore
2012-11-05 17:51:32 UTC
Permalink
I added the infos from another thread, only with the important things and a
new title, that it could be better found.

This will be a guide to install Android to HD, and how to integrate it into
another Linux GRUB2 bootloader. So an operating system using GRUB2 is
neccessary. If you want to install Android to a hard drive, you'll need a
EXT3 formatted partition, no matter if it's primary or logical. DON'T
INSTALL GRUB from the Android installer, otherwise you can't boot only
Android. Booting Android from hard drive from is much faster, but it has
one disadvantage: It doesn't allow booting from another installation from
an USB stick, because it always searches for the first Android folder, and
this is always the one on the harddisk. But it is possible to install more
than one Android installation on one partition, you just have to use other
names for the Android root directory.

Actually after a fresh installation without Android GRUB can't boot Android
at all, you'll need an operating system which uses GRUB2. These are the
most operating systems, I'm using AROS, but all Ubuntu versions have it and
other Linux distros, too. These are the entries for *grub.cfg* to make
Android bootable:

submenu *"Android x86 4.0 RC2"* {

menuentry *"Android x86 4.0 RC2"* --class android --class linux --class os {
set root="*(hd0,7*)"
linux */android-4.0-RC2/*kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=*
thinkpad* quiet **video=*1400x1050* dpi=*145* i915downclock=1
i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=*/android-4.0-RC2/
*initrd */android-4.0-RC2/*initrd.img
}
menuentry *"Android x86 4.0 RC2 text output"* --class android --class linux
--class os {
set root="*(hd0,7*)"
linux */android-4.0-RC2/*kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=*
thinkpad*** video=*1400x1050* dpi=*145* i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=*/android-4.0-RC2/*****
initrd */android-4.0-RC2/***initrd.img
}
menuentry *"Android x86 4.0 RC2 debug mode"* --class android --class linux
--class os {
set root="*(hd0,7*)"
linux */android-4.0-RC2/*kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=*
thinkpad* **video=*1400x1050* dpi=*145* i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=*/android-4.0-RC2/*** DEBUG=1
initrd */android-4.0-RC2/*initrd.img
}
}

This entry creates a submenu with the three entries to boot Android normal,
with text output, or in debug mode. You have to change these settings if
you are not using a Thinkpad:

*"Android x86 4.0 RC2"* - This is the name of the submenu displayed in GRUB.
*"Android x86 4.0 RC2"* - This is the name of the boot entries.
*(hd0,7*)-This is your drive/partition in which Android is installed. hd0,1
- hd0,3 are primary partitions, the first logical partition begins with
hd0,5
*/android-4.0-RC2/ *- This is the path where Android is installed.*
*androidboot.hardware=*thinkpad* - This is your hardware model. You have to
replace 'thinkpad' with your model, you could get the name from the file
/isolinux/isolinux.cfg from your Android installation CD.
video=*1400x1050* - I'm not sure if this option has effect, change the
value to your displays native resolution.
dpi=*145* - I'm also not sure if that option has effect, check if you find
something about your displays density value. You also can skip this option.
The standard 1024x768 displays of the Thinkpads have 106 dpi.

To modify your grub bootlist in Ubuntu, open a Terminal or press Alt-F2.
Then enter *gksu nautilus* and your password, to get full read/write
access. A new desktop window will pop up, and navigate to the */boot/grub/**
grub.cfg*. Best make a copy of *grub.cfg* first, then open it and add the
entries above. Fix the shown vales to your system, save the file. After a
reboot one Android entry should appear. If you open it, a submenu with
three entries will open, these are the boot entries. Press Escape to return
to the main menu. If your bootloader is messed up or won't work at all,
boot from the Live DVD, make the system read/writeable and check *<ubuntu
partition>/boot/grub/grub.cfg*, or restore it from the backup.

Info: with *gksu nautilus* you also have full read/write access to your
Android partition! That makes changes very easy.

Well, I hope it works on your system as good as on mine. Good luck!
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RetroAndMore
2012-11-05 17:54:28 UTC
Permalink
Here are the infos from testing with my Thinkpad X61 Tablet:

- SXGA+ 1400x1050 pixel support
- Audio works
- Bluetooth should work
- Wacom pen works great
- auto-rotation
- Display brigtness
- sleep mode with fn key
- SD card reader

What's not working:

- reactivating after Display sleep
- lid closing
- battery status is not perfect (27 min @ 70% battery?)
- Settings crahes in memory options (I have 8 GB installed)

There is the sleep problem, you can't reactivate the system after the
screen is locked. The system reacts on key presses, plays music and also
restarts on Ctrl-Alt-Del, but no reaction. The sleep timeout should be
disabled in the Display preferences immediately. If the lid is closed, the
system works on as always.

These keys have special key functions:

*On the display bezel:*
*
Display rotation button: *Same function like the second symbol in the
bottom (home?)
*Reset knob:* long press asks for Shutdown
*Lenovo Toolbox button:* Unknown or no function
*Escape button:* Back button, like Escape on the keyboard
*Cursor block left/right:* Volume up/down
*Cursor block up/down:* Unknown or no function
*Middle enter button:* Douple press reacts like klicking on the 'Google'
symbol in the upper left corner

*Upper keyboard special keys:*

*Escape:* Back button
*Volume mute key:* no function
*Volume up/down:* They do what they should
*ThinkVantage key:* Unknown or no function
*Power:* long press asks for Shutdown

*Lower keyboard special keys:*

*fn key:* sets the system without request in sleep mode (moon symbol
lightened). Pressing fn again wakes up the system, it's working.
*Browser left key* (left to Cursor up)*:* Back Button /Escape key
*Browser right key* (right to Cursor up)*:* Unknown or no function

*Ctrl/Alt/Del: *resets the computer without request
*Ctrl/Alt/AltGr/Windows alone:* Nothing in the system, maybe in the
onscreen-keyboard

There's an interesting behaviour: If you play in the OpenManager music from
an SD-card and press the *fn* key, the song will played till its end, then
the system will enter sleep mode.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-05 18:31:29 UTC
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Thank you for the good document.

About unable to booting from another installation from an USB,
that's not quite correct. That's only true if both versions of
HD and USB are same. But you can workaround it by
specifying ROOT= in cmdline, or
rename the installed dir and change SRC.

For video= cmdline, if you are using i915 or radeon driver,
that's no effect and so unnecessary.

To change dpi, specify DPI=... not dpi=...
But 145 may not be a valid value, I think.
Post by RetroAndMore
I added the infos from another thread, only with the important things and a
new title, that it could be better found.
This will be a guide to install Android to HD, and how to integrate it into
another Linux GRUB2 bootloader. So an operating system using GRUB2 is
neccessary. If you want to install Android to a hard drive, you'll need a
EXT3 formatted partition, no matter if it's primary or logical. DON'T
INSTALL GRUB from the Android installer, otherwise you can't boot only
Android. Booting Android from hard drive from is much faster, but it has one
disadvantage: It doesn't allow booting from another installation from an USB
stick, because it always searches for the first Android folder, and this is
always the one on the harddisk. But it is possible to install more than one
Android installation on one partition, you just have to use other names for
the Android root directory.
Actually after a fresh installation without Android GRUB can't boot Android
at all, you'll need an operating system which uses GRUB2. These are the most
operating systems, I'm using AROS, but all Ubuntu versions have it and other
Linux distros, too. These are the entries for grub.cfg to make Android
submenu "Android x86 4.0 RC2" {
menuentry "Android x86 4.0 RC2" --class android --class linux --class os {
set root="(hd0,7)"
linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=thinkpad
quiet video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/
initrd /android-4.0-RC2/initrd.img
}
menuentry "Android x86 4.0 RC2 text output" --class android --class linux
--class os {
set root="(hd0,7)"
linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=thinkpad
video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/
initrd /android-4.0-RC2/initrd.img
}
menuentry "Android x86 4.0 RC2 debug mode" --class android --class linux
--class os {
set root="(hd0,7)"
linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=thinkpad
video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/ DEBUG=1
initrd /android-4.0-RC2/initrd.img
}
}
This entry creates a submenu with the three entries to boot Android normal,
with text output, or in debug mode. You have to change these settings if you
"Android x86 4.0 RC2" - This is the name of the submenu displayed in GRUB.
"Android x86 4.0 RC2" - This is the name of the boot entries.
(hd0,7)-This is your drive/partition in which Android is installed. hd0,1 -
hd0,3 are primary partitions, the first logical partition begins with hd0,5
/android-4.0-RC2/ - This is the path where Android is installed.
androidboot.hardware=thinkpad - This is your hardware model. You have to
replace 'thinkpad' with your model, you could get the name from the file
/isolinux/isolinux.cfg from your Android installation CD.
video=1400x1050 - I'm not sure if this option has effect, change the value
to your displays native resolution.
dpi=145 - I'm also not sure if that option has effect, check if you find
something about your displays density value. You also can skip this option.
The standard 1024x768 displays of the Thinkpads have 106 dpi.
To modify your grub bootlist in Ubuntu, open a Terminal or press Alt-F2.
Then enter gksu nautilus and your password, to get full read/write access. A
new desktop window will pop up, and navigate to the /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
Best make a copy of grub.cfg first, then open it and add the entries above.
Fix the shown vales to your system, save the file. After a reboot one
Android entry should appear. If you open it, a submenu with three entries
will open, these are the boot entries. Press Escape to return to the main
menu. If your bootloader is messed up or won't work at all, boot from the
Live DVD, make the system read/writeable and check <ubuntu
partition>/boot/grub/grub.cfg, or restore it from the backup.
Info: with gksu nautilus you also have full read/write access to your
Android partition! That makes changes very easy.
Well, I hope it works on your system as good as on mine. Good luck!
RetroAndMore
2012-11-05 19:05:28 UTC
Permalink
Well, I created the GRUB2 entry partitally from the Ubuntu entry, some
values from the Android-x86 installation CD and some other sources. So ROOT
is /dev/ram0 like usual. What alternative path could be used? Renaming
folders would be no method, if you have your HD system installed by the
original installer, and want to repair this system by a USB version of the
same installer, it always would access the hard disk.

To display and dpi settings: The 1400x1050 SGXA+ display is not common, so
it has no common dpi value. I serached the net and found something like 140
or 145 dpi. They could vary depending of the manufacurer. I don't know
either if they have any effect. By the way, I don't think that GRUB is
case-sensitive.

For the next versions of Android-x86, I would recommand a change completely
to GRUB2, with some new options during the installation. The /boot/grub/folder is always copied, but it should be asked if the bootloader should be
installed on the MBR or on the partition only. The manual Ubuntu
installation also has this selection, but it's very difficult to see. If
MBR is selected, a second request should come, with the info that
bootloaders using the MBR will be overwritten. If another Linux with a
GRUB2 bootloader is detected, the Android entries should be integrated in
it. There also should be a request if autodetection of the Android folder
is enabled or that it is fixed to the installed partition. I'm not sure if
this is possible.

And very important: integrate the Atheros 5000 WLAN driver in the Thinkpad
version. Without internet is Android nearly useless.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-06 01:01:40 UTC
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I said ROOT, not root.
(It's always case-sensitive in the unix/linux/android world)

Setting ROOT to the partition (e.g., /dev/sdb1)
you installed can avoid auto searching the SRC dir.
Post by RetroAndMore
Well, I created the GRUB2 entry partitally from the Ubuntu entry, some
values from the Android-x86 installation CD and some other sources. So ROOT
is /dev/ram0 like usual. What alternative path could be used? Renaming
folders would be no method, if you have your HD system installed by the
original installer, and want to repair this system by a USB version of the
same installer, it always would access the hard disk.
To display and dpi settings: The 1400x1050 SGXA+ display is not common, so
it has no common dpi value. I serached the net and found something like 140
or 145 dpi. They could vary depending of the manufacurer. I don't know
either if they have any effect. By the way, I don't think that GRUB is
case-sensitive.
For the next versions of Android-x86, I would recommand a change completely
to GRUB2, with some new options during the installation. The /boot/grub/
folder is always copied, but it should be asked if the bootloader should be
installed on the MBR or on the partition only. The manual Ubuntu
installation also has this selection, but it's very difficult to see. If MBR
is selected, a second request should come, with the info that bootloaders
using the MBR will be overwritten. If another Linux with a GRUB2 bootloader
is detected, the Android entries should be integrated in it. There also
should be a request if autodetection of the Android folder is enabled or
that it is fixed to the installed partition. I'm not sure if this is
possible.
And very important: integrate the Atheros 5000 WLAN driver in the Thinkpad
version. Without internet is Android nearly useless.
--
Chih-Wei
Android-x86 project
http://www.android-x86.org
RetroAndMore
2012-11-06 02:24:15 UTC
Permalink
The important thing is not the bootloader, it's the file system, there's
the place it's important if if is lowercase or not. I presume the most Unix
filesystems are case-sensitive, but normally all paths are in lowercase.
MacOS X has HFS+ in a case-sensitive and non-case-sensitive version,
usually the non-case-sensitive version is used. The FAT12, FAT16, FAT32
aren't case-sensitive, I think NTFS has an option for this. Operating
systems from the Amiga (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS) are usually non-case-sensitive,
but I think were optional case-sensitive versions. The filesystems from
8bit-Commodore computers (C64 and so on) were highly character-sensitive
because you could even use graphical symbols or even pure ASCII-codes as
filenames.

GRUB is not Linux or Unix, it's a system-independent bootloader, you can
write the command text in lower or upper case that's not a problem.
Standard is lowercase, the Ubuntu bootloader is also completely written in
lower case. Only if you have to access an case-sensitive filesystem, then
you have to use correct upper- and lowercase.

I have used the SRC= option in my GRUB2 entry for the kernel, I only
haven't set the device, because the root partition is already difined with
the root="(hd0,7)" option of GRUB2. At least it should be. Setting the root
device on a hard disk installed Android wouldn't be neccessary anyway,
except you would have multiple instances of the same installation on
different partitions, which would be a rather unusual configuration. The
important thing is that an external used USB installation has to use the
one which is installed on the USB stick, not the one on hard disk. The root
path for the kernel in the actual installation is /dev/ram0 like in the
kernel options of the original legacy GRUB specified. I could only imagine
that this method is used to run the Android root on a ram disk for a live
system or to enhance the speed of slow USB devices. But a pure harddisk
installation root should use the harddrive for everything. I added a new
GRUB2 entry which should use the harddisk as root:

linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel *root=**/android-4.0-RC2/*androidboot.hardware=
thinkpad video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1
usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/

Everything seems normal. If I disable the ramdisk mounting with #initrd
/android-4.0-RC2/initrd.img, the system crashes with a kernel panic. So I
presume Android is still using the ramdisk, although a root path to the
harddisk partition is specified.

Android was designed for tablets or smartphones, it don't think it was
inteded to run on normal computers from harddisks, maybe even with multiple
installations and additional USB boot systems. But on a desktop PC,
TabletPC or Laptop/Netbook are other possibilites. You aren't fixed of one
Android system, you could modify your installation from another Linux
distro and using more installations on the same partition. And Android-x86
has to deal with that. Autodetecting an Android folder would be working
with one installation - like on tablets - but not on normal PCs. Very
important things would be EXT4 and GRUB2 integration, so Android could be
installed on every Linux distro without using an own partition. Root
shouldn't be a RAM disk anymore, it should be on the physical drive, like
on all other operating systems. I don't know the internals of Android, but
I couldn't imagine that Android on tablets (which have not too much RAM)
creates an extra ram disk for running the OS. Correct mounting of FAT32
partitions of the harddisk should also be possible for data exchange.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-06 03:05:35 UTC
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You spent a lot of time to argue but
didn't give it a try.

Let me say again.
Use ROOT=/dev/sdX to specify the partition you installed.

If you think you know the init process (I wrote)
better than me, I have nothing to say.
The important thing is not the bootloader, it's the file system, there's the
place it's important if if is lowercase or not. I presume the most Unix
filesystems are case-sensitive, but normally all paths are in lowercase.
MacOS X has HFS+ in a case-sensitive and non-case-sensitive version, usually
the non-case-sensitive version is used. The FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 aren't
case-sensitive, I think NTFS has an option for this. Operating systems from
the Amiga (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS) are usually non-case-sensitive, but I think
were optional case-sensitive versions. The filesystems from 8bit-Commodore
computers (C64 and so on) were highly character-sensitive because you could
even use graphical symbols or even pure ASCII-codes as filenames.
GRUB is not Linux or Unix, it's a system-independent bootloader, you can
write the command text in lower or upper case that's not a problem. Standard
is lowercase, the Ubuntu bootloader is also completely written in lower
case. Only if you have to access an case-sensitive filesystem, then you have
to use correct upper- and lowercase.
I have used the SRC= option in my GRUB2 entry for the kernel, I only haven't
set the device, because the root partition is already difined with the
root="(hd0,7)" option of GRUB2. At least it should be. Setting the root
device on a hard disk installed Android wouldn't be neccessary anyway,
except you would have multiple instances of the same installation on
different partitions, which would be a rather unusual configuration. The
important thing is that an external used USB installation has to use the one
which is installed on the USB stick, not the one on hard disk. The root path
for the kernel in the actual installation is /dev/ram0 like in the kernel
options of the original legacy GRUB specified. I could only imagine that
this method is used to run the Android root on a ram disk for a live system
or to enhance the speed of slow USB devices. But a pure harddisk
installation root should use the harddrive for everything. I added a new
linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel root=/android-4.0-RC2/
androidboot.hardware=thinkpad video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1
i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/
Everything seems normal. If I disable the ramdisk mounting with #initrd
/android-4.0-RC2/initrd.img, the system crashes with a kernel panic. So I
presume Android is still using the ramdisk, although a root path to the
harddisk partition is specified.
Android was designed for tablets or smartphones, it don't think it was
inteded to run on normal computers from harddisks, maybe even with multiple
installations and additional USB boot systems. But on a desktop PC, TabletPC
or Laptop/Netbook are other possibilites. You aren't fixed of one Android
system, you could modify your installation from another Linux distro and
using more installations on the same partition. And Android-x86 has to deal
with that. Autodetecting an Android folder would be working with one
installation - like on tablets - but not on normal PCs. Very important
things would be EXT4 and GRUB2 integration, so Android could be installed on
every Linux distro without using an own partition. Root shouldn't be a RAM
disk anymore, it should be on the physical drive, like on all other
operating systems. I don't know the internals of Android, but I couldn't
imagine that Android on tablets (which have not too much RAM) creates an
extra ram disk for running the OS. Correct mounting of FAT32 partitions of
the harddisk should also be possible for data exchange.
--
Chih-Wei
Android-x86 project
http://www.android-x86.org
RetroAndMore
2012-11-06 13:04:59 UTC
Permalink
**sigh**

I now tested the kernel options

linux /android-4.0-RC2/kernel *root*=/dev/ram0 and linux */android-4.0-RC2/*kernel
*ROOT*=/dev/ram0

and both versions worked fine, like I expected. Then I replaced every
occurrence of /android-4.0-RC2/ with /AnDrOiD-4.0-Rc2/ in the kernel
options, and, like to expect, the kernal was not found because *the file
system ist case-sensitive.*

I've checked now a bit, GRUB is case-sensitive, but most commands *are
lowercase and will not work in uppercase*. Infos:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Kernel_parameters
Because it still booted as the option was called ROOT (in uppercase), I
made more tests: *I can even completely disable the root option*. That
means the Android bootsequence ignores some settings from the bootloader.
This makes it perhaps easier for standard user with a test installation,
but it's not good for experienced users who want to use more versions
and/or to change options with the bootloader.

If you take a look in your Android-x86 installation CD, the file
/isolinux/isolinux.cfg is completely written in lowercase as well as
/grub/menu.lst/ in an actual Android installation. That's where you could
see that your installation uses the old legacy GRUB, the GRUB2 config file
is located in /boot/grub/grub.cfg, in every operating system. Legacy GRUB
also has another script language format, so you could use my infos if you
want to switch to GRUB2, which is highly recommended, because all Linux
distros are using GRUB2.

I hope this Case-sensitive/insensitive topic is finished now. I
definitively can say to you that it works on my system - you can test it
yourself. The more important problem is, that the actual Android build
can't accept a harddisk installed version and an USB boot version for
rescue of testing modes, it only boots from the first available Android
folder of the same version. You can easily see it when you boot from USB
because of the message

Detecting Android-x86... booting from /dev/sda7

You can't used a fixed device for an USB stick, because it ist treated like
a hard disk. If you boot from the CD, it works and the message is

Detecting Android-x86... booting from /dev/sr0

I presume because this is the live version, which is not read/writeable.
This is a different folder/image or whatever as the installation on the
hard drive. If I install a not read/writeable system to an USB stick, *it
boots again from /dev/sda7*. So it's definetively a problem in the
Android-x86 system bootsequence, not the GRUB bootloader entry.
Nevertheless, if you have Android on a hard drive and a Linux distro
installed, it is nearly unneccesary to use a second version from USB,
because you can repair most parts of the Android installation much easier
from the Linux distro. But it is a bug - or at least a strange behaviour -
so you should take a look at this problem.
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RetroAndMore
2012-11-06 13:25:44 UTC
Permalink
I tried something else: I installed again a read/writeable system on USB,
and added a new boot entry on the bootloader in my harddisk. The GRUB2
entry to specify the first partition of the second harddisk (which is the
USB stick) as root is called

set root="(hd1,1)"

You could see Android started botting from USB stick because the access LED
from the stick was flickering. But after a while the well-known message
appeared:

Detecting Android-x86... booting from /dev/sda7

I think now it should be clear that Andoid always boots from the first
installation, which is /dev/sda7 (hd0,7 in GRUB) instead of /dev/sdb1(hd1,1 in GRUB), although the system was booted from hd1,1.
By the way, you can't specify a fixed device name for an USB stick anyway,
if you have another one in the system and put then the Android stick in it,
this one would he hd2,1.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-06 14:31:21 UTC
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OOPS...

You are wasting your time in a wrong direction.

Maybe I didn't state it clearly enough.
root= and ROOT= are different options in
Android-x86 boot system.
The prior is parsed by kernel itself,
while the latter is used by the boot script
to determine the installed partition.

In your case, just set ROOT=/dev/sdb1
Post by RetroAndMore
I tried something else: I installed again a read/writeable system on USB,
and added a new boot entry on the bootloader in my harddisk. The GRUB2 entry
to specify the first partition of the second harddisk (which is the USB
stick) as root is called
set root="(hd1,1)"
You could see Android started botting from USB stick because the access LED
from the stick was flickering. But after a while the well-known message
Detecting Android-x86... booting from /dev/sda7
I think now it should be clear that Andoid always boots from the first
installation, which is /dev/sda7 (hd0,7 in GRUB) instead of /dev/sdb1 (hd1,1
in GRUB), although the system was booted from hd1,1.
By the way, you can't specify a fixed device name for an USB stick anyway,
if you have another one in the system and put then the Android stick in it,
this one would he hd2,1.
--
Chih-Wei
Android-x86 project
http://www.android-x86.org
RetroAndMore
2012-11-06 17:54:36 UTC
Permalink
**sigh again**

Possibly you got something wrong. I was always talking about the bootloader
(GRUB2 used in Linux and AROS or GRUB legacy used in your installation), I
never changed a file in Android, to be exact in the /Android-4.0-RC2/folder. I only modified
SYS:boot/grub/grub.cfg on my AROS* partition, and the /grub/menu.lst on the
USB Android istallation. That is also the only thing what's neccessary to
get Android booting, and it works. The only problem is, that Android boots
from the first system found on the computer, but that is no problem of
GRUB2, it's a problem somewhere in the Android boot sequence. But I'm not
changing it because I'm no developer. Here are GRUB command overviews,
you'll never find an uppercase ROOT on both pages.

GRUB2: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB
GRUB Legacy: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB_Legacy

And to be exact, I added ROOT=/dev/sdb1 to the kernel options, and as to
expect Android began to boot from USB, then it switched to /dev/hda7. I
already mentioned that the option root and ROOT (in uppercase) of the
kernel option in GRUB2 are ignored from Android.

Maybe there may something not correct because I'm new to Linux and
everything I know about GRUB2, GRUB Legacy, Ubuntu and Android is 8 days
old. But I'm doing internal stuff on various computer systems for more than
22 years and have worked with about 20-30 operating systems (including
revisions, but no Linux in them). The stuff with GRUB what I learned in
this short time was not for therory, I wanted to get Android booting from
GRUB2, and I did it. Every problem I described is tested, you can only
check it if you test it yourself. If you have some files, mail them to me
and I'll test it.


* I'm using the AROS version of GRUB2 for the bootloader, but it also
worked from Ubuntu's GRUB2. AROS is an x86 port of AmigaOS 3.1 using the
SFS file system, which is not case-sensitive and has no user permissions,
normally all files have r/w access. It boots very fast and because you
don't have to deal with permissions it's very easy to modify the GRUB2
configuration. Root is called SYS: on AmigaOS or AROS. The partition on the
harddisk is the second primary partition (hd0,2 in GRUB and /dev/sda2 in
Linux), but the partition type/filesystem is named 'unknown' in all
operation systems because they don't know the RDB (Rigid Disk Block)
bootblock and partition table. AROS uses a multiboot entry in GRUB2 to boot
its own system, it doesn't use the typical linux kernel options.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-07 01:48:46 UTC
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Hey, please be modest since you just learned it 8 days.
(do you have any idea who I am?)

ROOT is used to avoid auto searching partitions.
It's just the answer to your question.
It's nothing to do with what bootloader you use.
If you want to know how it works, read the code of
the boot script (I wrote) and try to understand it:

http://git.android-x86.org/?p=platform/bootable/newinstaller.git;a=blob;f=initrd/init;h=5d747c54ca6ec6d523c0ff7d966095e053718a62;hb=28f6af212cd0cbc879b7593de434f77bf34e87c0

To ensure your cmdline is set correctly,
after android-x86 boot complete, open a terminal and type

cat /proc/cmdline

Show us what it is exactly.

This is the last time I tried to help you.
If you still cannot get it work, that's your problem
since you refuse to learn how it works.
Post by RetroAndMore
*sigh again*
Possibly you got something wrong. I was always talking about the bootloader
(GRUB2 used in Linux and AROS or GRUB legacy used in your installation), I
never changed a file in Android, to be exact in the /Android-4.0-RC2/
folder. I only modified SYS:boot/grub/grub.cfg on my AROS* partition, and
the /grub/menu.lst on the USB Android istallation. That is also the only
thing what's neccessary to get Android booting, and it works. The only
problem is, that Android boots from the first system found on the computer,
but that is no problem of GRUB2, it's a problem somewhere in the Android
boot sequence. But I'm not changing it because I'm no developer. Here are
GRUB command overviews, you'll never find an uppercase ROOT on both pages.
GRUB2: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB
GRUB Legacy: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB_Legacy
And to be exact, I added ROOT=/dev/sdb1 to the kernel options, and as to
expect Android began to boot from USB, then it switched to /dev/hda7. I
already mentioned that the option root and ROOT (in uppercase) of the kernel
option in GRUB2 are ignored from Android.
Maybe there may something not correct because I'm new to Linux and
everything I know about GRUB2, GRUB Legacy, Ubuntu and Android is 8 days
old. But I'm doing internal stuff on various computer systems for more than
22 years and have worked with about 20-30 operating systems (including
revisions, but no Linux in them). The stuff with GRUB what I learned in this
short time was not for therory, I wanted to get Android booting from GRUB2,
and I did it. Every problem I described is tested, you can only check it if
you test it yourself. If you have some files, mail them to me and I'll test
it.
* I'm using the AROS version of GRUB2 for the bootloader, but it also worked
from Ubuntu's GRUB2. AROS is an x86 port of AmigaOS 3.1 using the SFS file
system, which is not case-sensitive and has no user permissions, normally
all files have r/w access. It boots very fast and because you don't have to
deal with permissions it's very easy to modify the GRUB2 configuration. Root
is called SYS: on AmigaOS or AROS. The partition on the harddisk is the
second primary partition (hd0,2 in GRUB and /dev/sda2 in Linux), but the
partition type/filesystem is named 'unknown' in all operation systems
because they don't know the RDB (Rigid Disk Block) bootblock and partition
table. AROS uses a multiboot entry in GRUB2 to boot its own system, it
doesn't use the typical linux kernel options.
--
Chih-Wei
Android-x86 project
http://www.android-x86.org
RetroAndMore
2012-11-07 06:39:53 UTC
Permalink
Post by Chih-Wei Huang
Hey, please be modest since you just learned it 8 days.
(do you have any idea who I am?)
No, but do you have an idea who I am? But it this important?
Post by Chih-Wei Huang
ROOT is used to avoid auto searching partitions.
It's just the answer to your question.
It's nothing to do with what bootloader you use.
If you want to know how it works, read the code of
http://git.android-x86.org/?p=platform/bootable/newinstaller.git;a=blob;f=initrd/init;h=5d747c54ca6ec6d523c0ff7d966095e053718a62;hb=28f6af212cd0cbc879b7593de434f77bf34e87c0
Yay, that's the thing I was always talking about: I was *never* mentioning
a script *inside* Android, only the GRUB2 bootloader which is only
selection. Now to the next thing. I booted Android from hard disk and
opened the Terminal Emulation, after cat /proc/cmdline I got a permission
error. So I used su cat /proc/cmdline, then I got superuser access. The
text output is:

BOOT_IMAGE=/android-4.0-RC2/kernel /root=/dev/ram0
androidboot.hardware=thinkpad quiet video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1
i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/

That's exact the same line like in the GRUB2 bootloader, except the
BOOT_IMAGE= option.

The occurrences of ROOT in your script remind me more on variables than on
kernel options. They're always beginning with $ like in many other
scripting languages and they're always used in comparisons:

if [ "${ROOT#*:/}" != "$ROOT" ]; then
# for NFS roots, use nolock to avoid dependency to portmapper
RW="nolock,$RW"
fi

$ROOT is an environment variable, like $rc contains the last error code of
an AmigaDOS command. $result2 contains the error code of the last AmigaDOS
error (file not found etc).
I found something about Unix variables here:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-environment.htm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-special-variables.htm
http://osr600doc.sco.com/en/manADM/idbuild.ADM.html

If Unix/Linux variables are case sensitive, then you have to write them in
correct case. But this is something different that the GRUB2 bootloader, it
has nothing to do with Unix/Linux and uses its own commands.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-07 08:20:43 UTC
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Yay, that's the thing I was always talking about: I was never mentioning a
script inside Android, only the GRUB2 bootloader which is only selection.
Sigh...
The bootloader won't touch the cmdline.
It will just pass to the kernel, and the kernel will
set that to the environment of init process.

You don't need to know the details (if you don't want to know),
just do what I told you to do.
Now to the next thing. I booted Android from hard disk and opened the
Terminal Emulation, after cat /proc/cmdline I got a permission error. So I
BOOT_IMAGE=/android-4.0-RC2/kernel /root=/dev/ram0
androidboot.hardware=thinkpad quiet video=1400x1050 dpi=145 i915downclock=1
i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2/
You still didn't do it.

Say again. Add ROOT=/dev/sdb1 to cmdline.
Let me see if show up in your /proc/cmdline
If you don't do it or don't want to do it but
try to argue more, you are wasting everybody's time!
RetroAndMore
2012-11-07 18:30:41 UTC
Permalink
Wow, you're a tough guy if you have an option. But me too ;)

I added ROOT=/dev/sdb1 to the GRUB2 kernel entry. The effect was, that it
began booting from USB, but then it found no Android directory at all and
hanged at Detecting Android.... Anyway, it would be useless to assign a
fixed device entry to an USB device, if a second harddisk or a second USB
stick is plugged into the system, this installation wouldn't work anymore.

And to complete it, I booted a fresh installation from USB, and it accessed
it from /dev/sda7. The Android Terminal Emulation showed this output:

quiet /root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=thinkpad quiet video=1024x768
i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2

The options are different because they are used from the original GRUB
Legacy bootbloader used from the original installation, not my modified
version of GRUB2.

You can look at it by yourself, I made some photos and some videos of the
screen. http://www.mediafire.com/?30637btk17sn9gs
The archive is 16 MB in size and contains two avis and to jpgs. The video
quality is not the best, the camera is rather old and wasn't designed for
videos.

I also tried something different: I replaced BOOT=/dev/sdb1 with
$BOOT=/dev/sdb1, because it is a variable and not a boot option in upper
chars. The variable will be parsed to the system, with the result that it
didn't hang at Detecting Android.... But it continued booting at /dev/sda7.

Like I said, I don't know about Unix shell scripting yet. You could solve
the problem if the boot script searches for the Android directory only on
the partition (/dev/sdx,y) from which the system is booted, not on all
available devices on the whole computer system. Is this possible to find
out in Unix scripts?
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RetroAndMore
2012-11-07 20:40:43 UTC
Permalink
Well, you told me to use the cat /proc/cmdline command, but you didn't told
me what it did at all, it parses all kernel options to /proc/cmdline. So I
noticed the the $ROOT= kernel option test is not really useful, it only
parses the path behind it. Because I experimented a bit with how to set
variables in Unix (it works different than in other scripting languages I
know) I tried to use ROOT="/dev/sda7" and ROOT="/dev/sda7/Android-4.0-RC2"as kernel options. This resulted in a boot from the specified device (USB
or HD), but an endless search for the Android folder, more and more dots
appeared. But at least it was interesing because both boot sequences had
identical behavior, and they didn't hang because the number of dots
increased. Any ideas?

I noticed something else: If I boot any installation of Android and check
the list of used variables in Terminal with set, the variable ROOT does not
exist. It seems to be a local variable, is it neccessary in other scripts
or in the system, so would it be useful to change it to a global variable?

How is it possible to extract and recreate the initrd.img file, I'd like to
add some checks. I searched the Ubuntu software center but didn't found
something useful, and the internet shows only stuff about .img CD images.
You could mail me infos to my google mail adress if you don't want to post
this it in the public.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-08 03:34:01 UTC
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Post by RetroAndMore
Wow, you're a tough guy if you have an option. But me too ;)
I added ROOT=/dev/sdb1 to the GRUB2 kernel entry. The effect was, that it
began booting from USB, but then it found no Android directory at all and
hanged at Detecting Android.... Anyway, it would be useless to assign a
fixed device entry to an USB device, if a second harddisk or a second USB
stick is plugged into the system, this installation wouldn't work anymore.
OK. Now you made some progress.
You specified ROOT correctly to cmdline and
it had effect -- that's why it stuck at Detecting stage.
Auto searching is disabled (by ROOT variable), but
/dev/sdb1 is not the correct partition of your USB installation.

So what you need to do now is just find the correct partition
(maybe you have more than one USB plugged? try /dev/sdc1, ...)
and set it to ROOT.

As said before, another way you can try is
rename the installed dir in USB
(say, /android-4.0-RC2 -> /android-4.0-RC2-usb)
and change SRC to /android-4.0-RC2-usb.
This can also avoid the conflict between HD and USB.
Post by RetroAndMore
And to complete it, I booted a fresh installation from USB, and it accessed
quiet /root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=thinkpad quiet video=1024x768
i915downclock=1 i915.powersave=1 usbcore.autosuspend=2 SRC=/android-4.0-RC2
The options are different because they are used from the original GRUB
Legacy bootbloader used from the original installation, not my modified
version of GRUB2.
The test doesn't make sense since
you didn't specify ROOT or change SRC.
Post by RetroAndMore
You can look at it by yourself, I made some photos and some videos of the
screen. http://www.mediafire.com/?30637btk17sn9gs
The archive is 16 MB in size and contains two avis and to jpgs. The video
quality is not the best, the camera is rather old and wasn't designed for
videos.
I also tried something different: I replaced BOOT=/dev/sdb1 with
$BOOT=/dev/sdb1, because it is a variable and not a boot option in upper
chars. The variable will be parsed to the system, with the result that it
didn't hang at Detecting Android.... But it continued booting at /dev/sda7.
This doesn't make sense, either.
BOOT is not a variable that the boot script will use.
Post by RetroAndMore
Like I said, I don't know about Unix shell scripting yet. You could solve
the problem if the boot script searches for the Android directory only on
the partition (/dev/sdx,y) from which the system is booted, not on all
available devices on the whole computer system. Is this possible to find out
in Unix scripts?
RetroAndMore
2012-11-08 04:01:34 UTC
Permalink
No, I've done enough. All these tests are showing that the problem is not
depending on the GRUB2 bootloader entry, it's a problem in your Android
startup script.

Android-x86 is your project, and if it shall be a good working installation
then you have to fix these problems; it has to deal with these problems
without any modifications, other users can't do this and other operating
systems could handle hard disk installations and live boot sytems, too. I
provided enough infomation; how to update to GRUB2, what is missing in the
installation routine, infos and missing stuff of the Thinkpad version, and
after all my testing you should have gotten enough ideas to look for bugs
or what to change in your startup routine.

It is now to you, to use these information or leaving a known bug in
Android.
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Chih-Wei Huang
2012-11-08 05:51:39 UTC
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First, Android-x86 has no problem to handle hard disk installations
and live system. By live system, we mean a USB disk created by
dd (dump) the iso image into it, or by unetbootin or similar tools.
Not the system you created by the installer -- that's an installed system.
If you just want to rescue your system, you don't need
two installations. Just use the "live USB", the one that
you use to install Android-x86.

I only agree with you that Android-x86 booting
cannot handle two installations of the same version
on different partitions. That's beyond the design.
This is not a normal use case.
But you can easily workaround the problem
by the instructions I told you (setting ROOT or SRC).
However, you just cannot get the point.

So this is your problem. If you want to solve it,
follow my instructions and you will be happy.
Otherwise nothing I can do for you.

Finally, this is an Android-x86 specific issue,
nothing to do with Android itself.
The booting of normal Android system is
entirely different than Android-x86.
(if you can't distinguish them, forget it)
Post by RetroAndMore
No, I've done enough. All these tests are showing that the problem is not
depending on the GRUB2 bootloader entry, it's a problem in your Android
startup script.
Android-x86 is your project, and if it shall be a good working installation
then you have to fix these problems; it has to deal with these problems
without any modifications, other users can't do this and other operating
systems could handle hard disk installations and live boot sytems, too. I
provided enough infomation; how to update to GRUB2, what is missing in the
installation routine, infos and missing stuff of the Thinkpad version, and
after all my testing you should have gotten enough ideas to look for bugs or
what to change in your startup routine.
It is now to you, to use these information or leaving a known bug in
Android.
RetroAndMore
2012-11-08 17:13:01 UTC
Permalink
I'm repairing the Android system using the Ubuntu installation on the same
hard drive, so I didn't need a USB boot at all. But anyway, Android-x86
will be only interesting for me until there's a Thinkpad version with the
Atheros 5000 series WLAN driver included. Without internet it is useless.
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j***@public.gmane.org
2012-11-06 13:36:48 UTC
Permalink
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-----Original Message-----
From: RetroAndMore <retro.et.more-***@public.gmane.org>
Sender: android-x86-/***@public.gmane.org
Date: Tue, 6 Nov 2012 05:25:44
To: <android-x86-/***@public.gmane.org>
Reply-To: android-x86-/***@public.gmane.org
Subject: Re: Booting Android from GRUB2 bootloader and Thinkpad Infos

I tried something else: I installed again a read/writeable system on USB,
and added a new boot entry on the bootloader in my harddisk. The GRUB2
entry to specify the first partition of the second harddisk (which is the
USB stick) as root is called

set root="(hd1,1)"

You could see Android started botting from USB stick because the access LED
from the stick was flickering. But after a while the well-known message
appeared:

Detecting Android-x86... booting from /dev/sda7

I think now it should be clear that Andoid always boots from the first
installation, which is /dev/sda7 (hd0,7 in GRUB) instead of /dev/sdb1(hd1,1 in GRUB), although the system was booted from hd1,1.
By the way, you can't specify a fixed device name for an USB stick anyway,
if you have another one in the system and put then the Android stick in it,
this one would he hd2,1.
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